Uterine fibroids are a common health concern among women, particularly those aged 30 to 45. These non-cancerous growths attach to the walls of the uterus and can vary in size, location, and impact. While many fibroids are asymptomatic, others may lead to severe symptoms that affect a woman’s quality of life. Here’s more information on fibroids and their treatment options:
How Common Are Fibroids?
Fibroids, also known as myoma, leiomyoma, or fibromyoma, are benign tumors found in or around the uterus. These growths affect nearly 30% of women within the 30 to 45-year age range. While not all women experience symptoms, fibroids commonly cause heavy bleeding, pain, or discomfort as they grow larger or become more numerous.
What Are the Types?
There are several types of myomas, categorized by their location within or on the uterus. Women may have one or multiple types of myoma simultaneously, complicating diagnosis and treatment. The four most common types include:
- Submucosal Fibroids: Found just beneath the lining of the uterus, these can protrude into the uterine cavity and often lead to heavy menstrual bleeding.
- Pedunculated Fibroids: Attached to the uterus by a thin stalk, these myomas may grow either inside or outside the uterus.
- Subserosal Fibroids: These grow on the outer wall of the uterus, often expanding outward.
- Intramural Fibroids: Positioned within the muscular layer of the uterus wall, these are the most common type of fibroids.
What Are the Symptoms?
Fibroids do not always cause symptoms, but when they do, they can significantly affect physical comfort and daily activities. Some of the most common symptoms include:
- Excessive Menstrual Bleeding: Prolonged periods lasting more than seven days, heavy bleeding requiring frequent changes in tampons or pads, and clotting could all indicate myomas, particularly submucosal or intramural varieties. Extended bleeding may lead to anemia and fatigue over time.
- Pelvic Pain and Pressure: Enlarged myomas can cause the uterus to swell, resulting in pelvic pain or discomfort. Larger growths may also compress surrounding organs and structures, creating a feeling of pressure in the lower abdomen.
- Urinary Issues: The uterus sits above the bladder. When fibroids enlarge, they press against the bladder, which may lead to urinary incontinence or frequent urination.
- Constipation and Bloating: Fibroids that press against the intestines or colon can lead to bloating, a sensation of fullness, or difficulties with bowel movements.
- Other Symptoms: Myomas are sometimes associated with leg pain, infertility, painful intercourse, and abdominal swelling. These symptoms often depend on the size and location of the fibroids.
What Are the Treatments?
Managing myoma conditions begins with proper diagnosis, often through imaging studies like ultrasounds or MRIs. Treatment options vary depending on the size, type, and severity of symptoms. Two primary approaches include: Uterine fibroid embolization and fibroid removal surgery.
Uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) is a minimally invasive procedure that reduces the size of myomas by cutting off their blood supply. A small incision is made, and tiny particles are injected into the arteries feeding the myomas. This treatment is effective for symptom relief without the need for surgery.
When myomas need removal, surgeries like myomectomies or hysterectomies can help treat severe cases. A myomectomy removes fibroids while preserving the uterus, making it a suitable option for women who plan to conceive. A hysterectomy, the removal of the uterus, is the most comprehensive solution and is typically reserved for cases where less invasive options have failed. Your healthcare provider can help guide you toward the most suitable treatment option for your specific needs.
Learn More About Managing Fibroids Today
Fibroids can range from manageable to life-altering. Understanding their types, symptoms, and treatments is a fundamental first step toward finding relief. By consulting a healthcare professional, you can explore personalized care options tailored to your situation. Reach out to a trusted provider today.
